# $PATH# Add to beginning of $PATHPATH=~/opt/bin:$PATH# Add to end of $PATHPATH=$PATH:~/opt/bin
# Standard input & output# Send output of command to a file instead of terminal# Shell will create a file if it does not exist, if it does, the shell erases (clobbers) the original file firstcommand > file# Append to filecommand >> file# Match every line that I type after that has 'this' in it and put the results in to hello_grep.txt filegrep this > hello_grep.txt# Put all the lines matching 'line' into grep_output.txt filegrep line hello.txt > grep_output.txt# >> Redirect output to append to FILEgrep line hello.txt >> grep_output.txt# Redirect standard error stream to FILE# where 2> means redirect output stream 2 to write results to the# file and not to the terminalfind / -name 'story.txt' 2> error_log.txt# 1> specifies stream ID 1 (standard output) (default)# 2> specifies stream ID 2 (standard error)# Sends both standard error and output to some locationls /fffff > f 2>&1
- Accept - Specifies the file format the requester wants.- Accept-Language - Specifies the human-readable language, like English, Spanish, or Russian.- Cache-Control - Specifies whether the response can be generated from a cache.
# Globbing# Shell can match simple patterns to file and directory names# this process is known as globbing# Simplest of these is the glob character * which tells the shell to match any number of arbitrary characters# Print a list of files in current directoryecho *# Shell matches arguments containing globs to filenames# substititutes the filenames for those arguments, and then runs the revised command line# the substitution is called expansion because the shell substitutes all matching filenamesat* # Expands to all filenames that start with at*at # Expands to all filenames that end with at*at* # Expands to all filenames that contain at# Another shell glob character is (?) - it instructs the shell to match exactly one arbitrary character# Match both boat and bratb?at# If you don't want the shell to expand a glob in a command, enclose the glob in single quotes ('')# It is important to remember that the shell performs expansions before running commands
ASCII code- ASCII is an encoding representing each typed letter by a number- each number is stored in one byte (so the number is in 0..255)- A is 65- B is 66- space is 32- "Unicode" is an encoding for mandarin, greek, arabic, etc. languages- typically 2-bytes per "letter"
HTTP status codes- 200-299 are good- 300-399 understood (located elsewhere)- 400-499 error (404 = resource no longer exists)- 400-599 server end (500 = some error on the server)
HTTP REST methods- GET - Used for fetching either a collection of resources or a single resource.- POST - Used to add a new resource to a collection.- For example, we wouldn't POST to /players/567 or /games/1234 because they aren't collections.- We would, however, POST to /players or /games to create a new player or a new game.- PUT - Use when we want to update a record. We wouldn't use PUT on collection or list URLs.- DELETE - Used for sending a DELETE request to a detail record, a URL for a single record, should delete just that record.- Sending DELETE to an entire collection would delete the whole collection but that's usually not implemented, with good reason.